What is the difference between CAPD and APD?

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) involves performing the PD exchanges manually whereas, automated PD (APD) is a broad term that is used to refer to all forms of PD employing a mechanical device to assist the delivery and drainage of dialysate.

What are the ISPD guidelines for peritonitis management?

Under the current recommendations, most peritonitis should be treated for 3 weeks, except those caused by coagulase-negative staphylococcal species or Streptococcus. Prolonged treatment with gentamicin should be avoided. Blood vancomycin level should be monitored and dosage regimen adjusted accordingly.

What is intraperitoneal route of administration?

Intraperitoneal injection or IP injection is the injection of a substance into the peritoneum (body cavity). It is more often applied to animals than to humans.

What is an APD machine?

Ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (APD) is a way of replacing your kidney function, if your kidneys have failed. Working in the same way as continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), APD uses the membrane covering your internal organs (the peritoneum) to filter out waste and excess water.

What criteria used diagnosing peritonitis?

An empiric diagnosis of peritonitis should be made if the peritoneal effluent is cloudy, the effluent white blood cell (WBC) count is greater than 100/mm3, and at least 50% of the WBCs are polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The diagnostic workup should be performed using a standardized procedure (Table 1).

What is a intraperitoneal catheter?

What is a Peritoneal Catheter? A peritoneal catheter is a small plastic tube that is implanted under the skin to provide a painless way of withdrawing excess fluid from or delivering anti-cancer drugs into the abdominal or peritoneal cavity over a period of weeks, months or even years.

What is the maximum daily dose of vancomycin?

-Some experts recommend: 15 mg/kg IV once, followed by 60 mg/kg per day continuous infusion. -Maximum dose: 2 g/dose. -Duration of treatment: At least 2 weeks. Comment: Surgical evaluation is recommended for patients with septic thromboses, empyema, and/or abscesses.

What is the therapeutic range of vancomycin?

Clinical Information. Trough concentrations are recommended for therapeutic monitoring of vancomycin, preferably acquired at steady-state (just before fourth dose). To avoid development of resistance, vancomycin trough levels should remain above 10.0 mcg/mL. Complicated infections require higher target levels, typically 15.0 to 20.0 mcg/mL.

When to take Vanco trough?

A vanc TROUGH is obtained when you expect the patient to be treated for a serious/life-threatening infection, to be treated with other nephrotoxic medications at the same time, or to be treated for >4 days. A trough should be obtained within 30 mins before the 4th dose.

When to get a Vanco trough?

Vancomycin troughs are recommended to be drawn within 1 hour prior to next dose. Vancomycin peak levels are not routinely recommended because of lack of correlation to efficacy. In general, a trough concentration of 10-15 mcg/mL is desired.