What is crystalline form of TiO2?

TiO2 is a naturally occurring mineral that exists in three crystalline forms: rutile, anatase, and brookite, in addition to its amorphous form.

What are the phases of TiO2?

Thermal calcination of the synthesized titanium dioxide resulted in different crystal phase ratios over this temperature range, with the anatase and brookite phases coexisting from 382 K to 872 K, and a rutile only phase at the highest temperatures, i.e. 1097 K and 1172 K.

Is TiO2 anisotropic?

The anisotropic overgrowth of TiO2 on AuNRs is further shown by TEM and HAADF-STEM-EDX analyses (Figures 2 and S4).

Is TiO2 crystalline or amorphous?

TiO2 crystal structure TiO2 thin films are generally amorphous for deposition temperatures ≤350°C, above which anatase is formed. The most stable crystalline phase, rutile, is formed at temperatures greater than about 800°C.

What are crystalline phases?

A phase is a crystalline solid with a regular 3-dimensional arrangement of the atoms. The measured diffraction peak positions and intensities are like a fingerprint of a particular crystalline phase. This is also known as qualitative phase analysis.

How do you know if you are crystalline or amorphous?

Crystalline solids have well-defined edges and faces, diffract x-rays, and tend to have sharp melting points. In contrast, amorphous solids have irregular or curved surfaces, do not give well-resolved x-ray diffraction patterns, and melt over a wide range of temperatures.

Why is TiO2 covalent?

Titanium dioxide is a covalent compound in which the titanium atom is bonded to each oxygen through double bonds. Therefore, titanium dioxide is a covalent compound.

Is fe2o3 a covalent compound?

Iron oxide or ferric oxide has three oxygen atoms and two iron atoms. The bond formed between iron and oxygen is due to the difference in electronegativity between the two atoms. Since iron is metal and oxygen is non-metal therefore the bonding between oxygen and iron is ionic.

How many atoms are in TiO2?

Its chemical formula is TiO2, which means it consists of one titanium atom and two oxygen atoms (hence dioxide).

What are the different phases of TiO2?

Titanium dioxide, TiO 2, has three different crystalline phases: brookite, anatase, and rutile. One of these phases, anatase, was found to be able to decompose water molecules to hydrogen and oxygen under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation [1], opening the new field of photocatalysis.

What are the advantages of titanium dioxide (TiO2)?

Two other advantages of TiO 2 are its chemical stability and the fact that it can be manufactured in an optimum crystal size of ca. 0.2 μm. As a consequence of their high degree of light scattering and low absorption of visible light, titanium dioxide pigments are the whitest and brightest of all the commercial white pigments.

Does thermal treatment affect the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nano-powder?

The greatest photocatalytic activity was observed for the sample calcined at 382 K, which contained the highest amount of brookite (in the presence of anatase as the dominant phase). The effect of thermal treatment on the morphology (crystalline phase and size) and photocatalytic activity of freshly prepared TiO2 nano-powder is communicated.

What is the anatase content of pure titanium dioxide?

Pure titanium dioxide has an anatase content of 80% by weight with a smaller portion of rutile, 20%. They are not surface treated. TiO2 is an excellent photocatalyst due to mixed anatase and rutile crystal structure and its high surface area.