Can obesity cause inflammation in adipose tissue?

Obesity causes low-grade chronic inflammation. Adipose tissue, in addition to its function of storing energy reserves in the form of triglycerides, has important functions as an endocrine organ, producing a variety of molecules called adipocytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IFNγ, TNFα, leptin and resistin.

How does obesity affect adipose tissue?

Obesity induces a complex remodeling of adipose tissue, which expands to accommodate the excessive caloric intake and markedly changes its structure and cellular composition.

What is adipose tissue inflammation?

White adipose tissue (WAT) is the major source of obesity/inactivity-related inflammation; in turn, inflammation leads to insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction. Inactivity, even in the absence of weight gain, disrupts WAT metabolism, while exercise mitigates WAT inflammation.

Which type of adipose tissue distribution is association with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease?

Excessive amounts of visceral fat also is considered to be a form of ectopic fat, and as noted earlier, is associated with features of the metabolic syndrome and an increased risk of T2DM and cardiovascular complications (286).

Why is obesity inflammatory?

When the immune defense system is impaired, the body is unable to defend itself through inflammation. Overeating increases the immune response. This increased immune response causes the body to generate excessive inflammation, which may lead to a number of chronic diseases.

What causes the inflammation observed in obesity?

The central role of inflammation is attributed to the liver, as it drains free fatty acids, and circulating triacylglycerol promoting release of cytokines (IL-6) by adipose tissue, which in turn triggers hepatocyte expression and release of CRP [81].

How does visceral fat cause inflammation?

The study hypothesized that visceral fat promotes systemic inflammation by secreting inflammatory adipokines into the portal circulation that drains visceral fat. Mean plasma IL-6 concentration was about 50% greater in the portal vein than in the peripheral artery (p = 0.007).

What happens to the adipose tissue when adults get fat?

As individuals become obese and their adipocytes enlarge, adipose tissue undergoes molecular and cellular alterations affecting systemic metabolism.

What causes inflammation observed in obesity?

What is the link between inflammation and obesity?

There is an association between increased weight gain and increased inflammation. More weight can mean more inflammation. However, reducing excess weight also tends to mean less inflammation. Gut inflammation may also be a contributing factor and can lead to weight gain.

Is obesity considered inflammation?

Obesity may be a low-grade systemic inflammatory disease.